Muhakama

Index

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Delhi, s old civilization and culture in Ashraf Sabohi, s collection of sketches“Delhi ki chand hajeeb hasten”

Dr Rabia Shah, Dr Altaf YousafZai, Dr. Nadeem Hassan — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Delhi hi chand Ajeeb hastehan are the collection of Ashraf Sabui,s sketches.This book contain fifteen sketches.The roles of these sketches are representative of the culture of delhi.They have shown the civilization of the Mughal period through these sketches.Dastan gohi is a beautiful memory of the Mughal period,this art was greatly promoted during the Mughal period.There were severl types of delicious food in delhi.Nehari is the famous dish of delhi.Pan was the part of delhi civilization. ManyEastern Games were played in delhi.Pigen Creation was the best hobby of Delhi.Swimming experts was eager to fly kite.Ashraf Sabohi has tried to show the old civilization in his sketches.They have compared the delhi of the Mughal era in these sketches with a new period of Delhi.Their sketches are the memories of the civilization of old delhi.They are the source of knowing the culture of old Delhi.

PTV's Role in the Promotion of Urdu Drama: A Research Study

Dr. Yasmeen Sultana Faroouqi — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Drama is a Greek word which means to show something by doing. Wajid Ali Shah is the creator of Urdu drama. Urdu drama was deeply influenced by Western drama. Agha Hashar gave a new twist to Urdu drama. Agha Hashar is also called Indian Shakespeare. After the establishment of radio stations in the Indian subcontinent, radio dramas started being broadcasted. Initially, dramas were created by drawing from Western stories and various legends. Pakistan Television stepped into this field and presented dramas under regular objectives. The aim of Pakistan Television was to promote religious harmony and mutual understanding in the country and the national language Urdu. The role of PTV in the promotion of fictional literature is very good. PTV's dramas successfully attempted to present social problems and their solutions. Dramas were presented on the unparalleled services of the Pakistan Armed Forces, which made people aware of the immense sacrifices made by the soldiers of the army. Dramas were presented for children. Historical dramas created awareness of history among the nation. PTV's services in fostering the spiritual concept of patriotism will always be remembered. The efforts of the Pakistan Arts Council are also commendable in this regard.

The Impact of Marxism on Literature

admin muhakama; Dr. Talib Hussain Hashmi, Sadia Batool — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Scientific socialism is based on the thought and philosophy of Karl Marx, i.e. Marxism. Therefore, to gain a proper understanding of socialism, it is very important to understand the philosophy and practice of Marxism well. Marxism is a theory of thought that tells us the principles for understanding the history, events and conditions of man and human society and for improving them. The collection of ideas of Karl Marx (1818-1883) is called Marxism, which Marx organized together with his colleague Friedrich Engels. The ideas and programs of the workers' movement in countries around the world. Marxism is neither a hypothesis nor a fantasy, but like other scientific sciences, it is the knowledge of the evolution of human society. Which, after analysis, predicts the end of the capitalist system and the establishment of socialism and communism. Just as basic scientific truths do not disappear due to changes in science every day. In this way, despite all the changes in human society, the Marxist scientific principles stated about social evolution cannot disappear. Just as the fact that the Earth is round cannot change despite countless changes on the planet. Just as the truth cannot change day and night due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. Just as the science of physics cannot advance without stability and negation, and similarly, the discovered Marxist rules of human society cannot be changed according to anyone's wishes.

A review of Nayyar Iqbal Alvi's fictional collection "Jeeb Kutre"

admin muhakama; Adnan Masood, Dr Almas Khanum — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper offers a critical overview of Jeeb Katrey, a short story collection by the contemporary Urdu fiction writer Nayer Iqbal Alvi. Living between Pakistan and Germany, Alvi captures the cultural, moral, and emotional dissonance of modern society through a unique literary lens. The collection includes seventeen stories that portray not only the decline of traditional values but also the moral decay permeating both Eastern and Western societies. The title story, Jeeb Katrey (Pickpockets), is an allegorical narrative highlighting social and political corruption in Pakistan, symbolized through the decay of the once-vibrant Ratan Cinema. Other stories like Dar-e-Munfa’at par Dastak, Koakh Mein Jame A’laq se Guftagu, and Ababeelain Kyun Nahin Aatein? Address exploitation, gender-based violence, and political helplessness, with powerful female characters often at the center.Alvi’s characters are not bound by geography, religion, or race; rather, they represent a universal human experience caught in the crossfire of greed, oppression, and disillusionment. The stories merge emotional intensity with socio-political commentary, exposing the duplicity and decay of modern power structures. His narrative technique blends realism with symbolism, personal pain with collective trauma, and nostalgia with harsh critique. Through rich imagery, dialogue, and internal reflection, Alvi builds a literary landscape that transcends boundaries while remaining rooted in local realities.This collection not only revives the tradition of socially engaged storytelling but also serves as a mirror to contemporary crises—making Alvi’s work a significant contribution to modern Urdu fiction.

Characterization in Urdu Short Stories

Natasha Naseeb, Bazghah Qandeel — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

condition is quietly reflected. In the realm of Urdu short stories, characterization is not merely a narrative device, but a refined art through which writers breathe soul into their creations. With limited space and selective words, the Urdu afsana demands depth and nuance, and it is the art of characterization that fulfills this demand. Whether central or peripheral, static or evolving, every character serves as a vessel carrying emotions, conflicts, and the spirit of its time. This study delves into the aesthetics and techniques of characterization in Urdu fiction, exploring how short story writers craft lifelike figures that resonate beyond the page, echoing social realities, inner turmoils, and timeless truths.

Iqbal's concept of Shaheen and the position of Pakistani youth

Dr. Sabina Awais, Dr. Nazia Sahar — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Iqbal was a philosopher, national poet, writer and credible thinker. He had a great association and expectations from his young generation. He was a great leader who work day and night for Muslim Ummah, Iqbal tried to boost the energy of young muslim nation by describing the enlightened picture of their forefathers. Iqbal advised his nation because he believed in struggle. He knew that great nations always get enery from research and struggle. It was iqbal’s and he transformed his ideology in his Shaheen. This article is based on academic efforts to explore the concept of Shaheen and stature of Pakistan’s young generation.

THE JOURNEY OF TRANSLATION IN URDU: A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE SERVICES OF ACADEMIC AND PUBLISHING INSTITUTIONS

Dr. Muhammad Khawar Nawazish — Mon, 21 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The journey of translation in Urdu began in the latter half of the seventeenth century with "Sharah-e-Tamheedat-e-Hamadani". Later on, this tradition continued in the form of stories translated from Persian into Urdu, which were academically supported by Fort William College. After that, the services of Delhi College, Sir Syed's Aligarh Scientific Society, Shibli's Dar-ul-Musannafeen and "Dar-ul-Tarjuma" of Osmania University, Hyderabad, Deccan are of great importance. After 1947, in Pakistan; government administrative and academic institutions, universities and private publishing houses made a special contribution to the promotion of translation. This article has taken a historical review of the services of the institutions that played a significant role in the journey of translation in such a way that the establishment of those institutions, their aims and objectives, the writers and translators associated with them and the prominent books published by them are also covered. This research paper may significantly assist researchers in understanding the history of translation in Urdu with regard to the services of various societies and institutions.

Three Layers of melancholy in Talat Shabbir’s Poetry

Dr. Raheela bibi, Dr. Muhammad Javed — Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

In Dr Talat Shabbir's poetry, the sorrow of life, the sorrow of time, and the sorrow of humanity are three central axes that seem intertwined. And three central axes Talat Shabbir's poetry cannot be divided into separate parts because these three aspects are intertwined. Dr.Talat Shabbir has summarized his sensitive attitudes, inner observations, the psychology of emotions, and the thoughts that find a place in consciousness in his ghazels as a manifestation of artistic beauty. In an effort to express his inner feelings through ghazels and psychological evidence through poems, he has been able to present such works of art. Which Dr. Talat Shabbir has called the purification of positive and negative attitudes, studying it becomes a great source of catharsis for every reader.

Humorist of “Urdu Punch”

Dr.Tayyaba Nighat ```````` — Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Urdu Punch, published in 1981 , holds a significant place in the history of Urdu journalism and literature for its pioneering role in the development of humorous and satirical prose.Through wit, parody, and caricature, Urdu Punch provided a platform for writers to critique imperial policies and highlight societal issues, often veiled in humor to bypass censorship. The magazine played a crucial role in shaping public opinion and nurturing a distinct style of Urdu satire. Its pages featured the work of renowned humorists and satirists who enriched the genre with linguistic innovation and sharp commentary. By blending entertainment with intellectual engagement, Urdu Punch not only popularized humorous prose but also served as a subtle tool of resistance and reform. Its legacy continues to influence Urdu satire and journalism, marking it as a landmark in the literary history of the subcontinent.

Intellectual Resistance to Orientalism and Islamophobia: A Comparative Critique of Edward Said’s Postcolonial Discourse and Allama Iqbal’s Anti- Colonial Vision

Muhammad Irfan, Dr. Syed Sheraz Ali Zaidi — Wed, 20 Aug 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This research paper presents a critical analysis of the intellectual and cultural relationship between Islam and the West, primarily drawing on Edward Said’s seminal work Orientalism. By integrating the thought of Allama Muhammad Iqbal, the study demonstrates that prominent voices within the Muslim world also offered profound critiques of Western civilization, its alliance of knowledge and power, and its impact on Islamic identity. The paper argues that Orientalism and Islam phobia are interconnected expressions of a broader ideological framework that distorts and marginalizes Islam.Both Iqbal and Said unmask the contradictions within the Western narrative and call upon Muslims to reclaim intellectual autonomy, spiritual self-awareness, and cultural agency. The hostile attitudes manifested in Orientalism and Islam phobia not only misrepresent Islam but also serve to justify political and civilizational oppression. Iqbal, through his deep engagement with Western thought, challenges these biases and urges Muslims to confront them with selfhood, awareness, and active resistance.

Migration of poets from Delhi to Awadh Historical and political background دہلی سے اودھ کی جانب شعرا کی ہجرت : تاریخی وسیاسی پس منظر

Dr.Zahida Fazil — Tue, 01 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The migration of Urdu poets from Delhi was a result of political and social turmoil in the city. Afterthe death of Aurangzeb Alamgir, the continuous decline of the Mughals led to British occupation.Along with the fall of the Mughal Empire, various nations rose to power and plundered Delhi, makingit nearly impossible to live there. Consequently, the masses, including poets and artists, deemed it a propriate to migrate from Delhi.The kingdom of Awadh became an attractive destination for these migrants, where poets and artistswere valued. Awadh offered prosperity and leisure, and the rulers of Awadh were also patrons ofpoets.When poets arrived in Awadh with their language, thoughts, and ideas, the atmosphere of Awadhgave a new direction to their creativity. The external world began to dominate over the internal.Matters of beauty and love shifted from sophistication to pragmatic dealings. The eloquence of the language improved. In poetry, ornate style, indulgence, rhyme structure, and exaggeration becameCommon. New themes were incorporated into poetry, which broadened the scope of the ghazal.In the Urdu language, new words with new meanings were also included. The eloquence andexpressiveness of the language increased. Poets broke free from the specific environment andSubjects of Delhi, and the themes of the ghazal expanded.